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Introduction

This guide will show you how to manipulate images using the Linux command line. You will find out how to resize an image both in terms of file size and in scale. You will also learn how to convert between multiple file types such as from JPG to PNG or GIF to TIF.

The Convert Command

The convert command is used to convert an image. The format is as follows: convert [input options] input file [output options] output file.

How To Resize An Image

If you are going to include an image on a webpage and you want it to be a particular size then you could use some CSS to resize the image. It is actually better though to upload the image as the correct size in the first place and insert it into the page. This is of course just one example why you might want to resize an image. To resize an image use the following command convert imagename.jpg -resize dimensions newimagename.jpg For example to convert an image to be 800×600 you would use the following command: convert imagename.jpg -resize 800x600 newimagename.jpg If by converting to the specified dimensions theaspect ratio will be messed up the image will be resize to the closest ratio. To force the conversion to be the exact size use the following command: convert imagename.jpg -resize 800x600! newimagename.jpg You don’t have to specify the height and the width as part of the resize command. For example if you want the width to be 800 and you don’t care about the height use the following command: convert imagename.jpg -resize 800 newimagename.jpg To resize an image to be a specified height use the following command: convert imagename,jpg -resize x600 newimagename.jpg

How To Convert From One Image Format To Another

If you have a JPG file and you wish to convert it to a PNG then you would use the following command: convert image.jpg image.png You can combine many different file formats. For example convert image.png image.gif convert image.jpg image.bmp convert image.gif image.tif

How To Adjust The File Size For An Image

There are a number of ways to change the physical file size of an image.

1. Change the aspect ratio (make it smaller)
2. Change the file format
3. Change the compression quality

Reducing the size of the image will make the file size smaller. In addition using a file format that includes compression such as JPG will enable you to reduce the physical file size. Finally adjusting the quality will make the physical file size smaller. The previous 2 sections showed you how to adjust the size and file type. To compress the imagetry the following command: convert imagename.jpg -quality 90 newimage.jpg The quality is specified as a percentage. The lower the percentage the smaller the output file but obviously the final output quality is not as good.

How To Rotate Images

If you have taken a photo in portrait but you want it to be a landscape image you can rotate the image using the following command: convert imagename.jpg -rotate 90 newimage.jpg You can specify any angle for rotation. For example try this out convert imagename.jpg -rotate 45 newimage.jpg

Convert Command Line Options

There are dozens of command line options that can be used with the convert command as shown here: Options are processed in command line order. Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect for the set of images that follows, until the set is terminated by the appearance of any option or -noop. Some options only affect the decoding of images and others only the encoding. The latter can appear after the final group of input images. For a more detailed description of each option, see Imagemagick. -adjoin join images into a single multi-image file -affine drawing transform matrix -antialias remove pixel aliasing -append append a set of images -average average a set of images -background the background color -blur x blur the image with a gaussian operator -border x surround the image with a border of color -bordercolor the border color -box set the color of the annotation bounding box -cache megabytes of memory available to the pixel cache -channel the type of channel -charcoal simulate a charcoal drawing -chop x{+-}{+-}{%} remove pixels from the interior of an image -clip apply the clipping path, if one is present -coalesce merge a sequence of images -colorize colorize the image with the pen color -colors preferred number of colors in the image -colorspace the type of colorspace -comment annotate an image with a comment -compose the type of image composition -compress the type of image compression -contrast enhance or reduce the image contrast -crop x{+-}{+-}{%} preferred size and location of the cropped image -cycle displace image colormap by amount -debug enable debug printout -deconstruct break down an image sequence into constituent parts -delay <1/100ths of a second> display the next image after pausing -density x vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the image -depth depth of the image -despeckle reduce the speckles within an image -display specifies the X server to contact -dispose GIF disposal method -dither apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image -draw annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives -edge detect edges within an image -emboss emboss an image -encoding specify the font encoding -endian specify endianness (MSB or LSB) of output image -enhance apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image -equalize perform histogram equalization to the image -fill color to use when filling a graphic primitive -filter use this type of filter when resizing an image -flatten flatten a sequence of images -flip create a “mirror image” -flop create a “mirror image” -font use this font when annotating the image with text -frame x++ surround the image with an ornamental border -fuzz {%} colors within this distance are considered equal -gamma level of gamma correction -gaussian x blur the image with a gaussian operator -geometry x{+-}{+-}{%}{@} {!}{<}{>} preferred size and location of the Image window. -gravity direction primitive gravitates to when annotating the image. -help print usage instructions -implode implode image pixels about the center -intent use this type of rendering intent when managing the image color -interlace the type of interlacing scheme -label assign a label to an image -level adjust the level of image contrast -list the type of list -loop add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation -map choose a particular set of colors from this image -mask Specify a clipping mask -matte store matte channel if the image has one -median apply a median filter to the image -modulate vary the brightness, saturation, and hue of an image -monochrome transform the image to black and white -morph morphs an image sequence -mosaic create a mosaic from an image sequence -negate replace every pixel with its complementary color -noise add or reduce noise in an image -noop NOOP (no option) -normalize transform image to span the full range of color values -opaque change this color to the pen color within the image -page x{+-}{+-}{%}{!}{<}{>} size and location of an image canvas -paint simulate an oil painting -pen specify the pen color for drawing operations -ping efficiently determine image characteristics -pointsize pointsize of the Postscript, OPTION1, or TrueType font -preview image preview type -process process a sequence of images -profile add ICM, IPTC, or generic profile to image -quality JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level -raise x lighten or darken image edges -region x{+-}{+-} apply options to a portion of the image -resize x{%}{@}{!}{<}{>} resize an image -roll {+-}{+-} roll an image vertically or horizontally -rotate {<}{>} apply Paeth image rotation to the image -sample scale image with pixel sampling -sampling_factor x sampling factors used by JPEG or MPEG-2 encoder and YUV decoder/encoder. -scale scale the image. -scene set scene number -seed pseudo-random number generator seed value -segment x segment an image -shade x shade the image using a distant light source -sharpen x sharpen the image -shave x shave pixels from the image edges -shear x shear the image along the X or Y axis -size x{+offset} width and height of the image -solarize negate all pixels above the threshold level -spread displace image pixels by a random amount -stroke color to use when stroking a graphic primitive -strokewidth set the stroke width -swirl swirl image pixels about the center -texture name of texture to tile onto the image background -threshold threshold the image -tile tile image when filling a graphic primitive -transform transform the image -transparent make this color transparent within the image -treedepth tree depth for the color reduction algorithm -trim trim an image -type the image type -units the type of image resolution -unsharp x sharpen the image with an unsharp mask operator -use_pixmap use the pixmap -verbose print detailed information about the image -view FlashPix viewing parameters -wave x alter an image along a sine wave -write write an image sequence [convert, composite] Summary For more information read the manual page for the convert command: man convert from: http://linux.about.com/od/linux101/fl/convert-Linux-Command-Unix-Command.htm -end- No tags for this post.